RESEARCH BACK UP

TABLE OF CONTENT/African communication system 1 AFRICAN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND MASS COMMUNICATION COMPARED THE CONCEPTS OF COMMUNICATION, AFRICAN COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS AND THE REASONS FOR STUDYING AFRICAN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL ICONOGRAPHIC CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION: OBJECTIFIED, FLORAL, PLANTS AND CROPS OVERWIEV OF VISUAL CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION AND PIGMENTATION/COLOURS AS A GROUP OF VISUAL CHANNELS THE CONCEPT OF DEMONSTRATIVE COMMUNICATION THE CONCEPT OF INSTRUMENTAL COMMUNICATION AEROPHONES APPEARANCE: PHYSICAL LOOK AND/COSTUME\FACIAL MARKS AND TATTOOS\RECORDS IDIOPHONES MEMBRANEOPHONES MUSIC POETRY, CHANT AND INCANTATION TRADITIONAL CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION IN AFRICA VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION REFERENCES Akpabio, E. (2003). African Communication Systems: An Introductory Text Lagos: BPrint Publications. Akpan, M. (1977). “Symbolism in the Communication Environment of the Village.” Unilag Communication Review Vol. 1, Nos 213. Mede, A. M (1998). “...

1.0 INTRODUCTION This unit focuses on poetry, chant and incantation, as demonstrative communication channel. 2.0 OBJECTIVES At the end of this unit of study, students should be able to: define poetry, chant and incantation  outline usage occasions for poetry, chant and incantation  explain the communication functions of poetry, chant and incantation  distinguish between chants and incantation  3.0 MAIN CONTENT 3.1 Poetry, Chant and Incantations 3.1.1 Poetry Poetry in whatever language is a respected literary genre. Poetry is an important mode of communication in Africa. Poetry is mostly used for entertainment. This does not presuppose that all poetry in traditional African societies is sung, although Mython (1983:86) erroneously believes that “poetry tends to be chanted or sung” in Zambia where he conducted his study. Poetry is usually regarded as “emotions recollected in tranquillity [tranquil moment]” because of its “high order” as demanded of the poet and audienc...

1.0 INTRODUCTION ]African communication system is a course under communication. Therefore, it is important to start this course by examining the concepts of communication and African communication systems. It also examines the reasons for studying African Communication systems. 2.0 OBJECTIVES At the end of this unit, students should be able to: define and explain what communication means  identify the functions of communication explain the functions of communication  define African communication systems  explain the interplay between culture and African communication systems outline the reasons for studying African communication system discuss the gains of African communication systems.  3.0 MAIN CONTENT 3.1What is Communication? Communication is a process by which a sender passes information to the decoder or receiver. It involves contacting, relaying and transferring of ideas, news, secrets, messages, orders and information from people, groups and communities t...

1.0 INTRODUCTION This unit focuses on music, a demonstrative communication device. According to Ibagere (1994:90), music is quite an important mode of communication in the cultural milieu of Africans, deriving its significance mostly from its entertainment value. Nobody hates music [at least everyone likes a brand of music].It most certainly attracts attention as soon as it manifests 2.0 OBJECTIVES At the end of this unit of study, students should be able to: define music  outline the communication functions of music  explain the role of the musician as a communicator.  3.0 MAIN CONTENT 3.1 Music Before the advent of the current trends in communication technology, people all over the world have their indigenous means of communication and entertainment. Though these means of communication may not necessarily be efficient in terms of reaching a large audience, they are no doubt effective; one of such medium of communication and entertainment is music. The new Lexicon Webste...

1.0 INTRODUCTION This unit focuses on aerophones a group of instrumental communication. According to Ibagere (1994:91-91) aerophones: …are musical instruments which produce sound as a result of the vibration of a column of air which is forced through a kind of pipe. It is the mouth that is usually used to force this air through the instrument. The aerophones include instruments such as the flute family, reed pipes, horns, trumpet and other such kinds. 2.0 OBJECTIVES At the end of this unit of study, students should be able to: list the types of aerophones drawing from their cultures  discuss some types of aerophones found in their cultures  discuss the communication functions of aerophones in African.  3.0 MAIN CONTENT 3.1 Whistles, Pipes and Flutes Whistling by forcing breath through closed lips communicate in Africa. Similarly, Akpabio (2003) stated that the use of instruments like deer horn, ivory tusk, gourd or reed pipes serve as devices and for the most parts...

1.0 INTRODUCTION This unit focuses on idiophones, a group of instrumental media. Idiophones have the quality of producing sound by themselves (self sounding wares). The objects could be struck, pricked, pulled or pressed with the foot. E.g. gongs of all sizes and shapes. According to Ibagere (1994:91) idiophone is a “…group of self sounding instruments which produce sound when they are struck, scratched, or shaken. The sound they produce is of a different kind from those of other instruments. In this group are all the different sizes and shapes of gongs, woodblock, wooden drum, bell rattle, earthen ware drum, and other related instruments.” 2.0 OBJECTIVES At the end of this unit of study, students should be able to: list the types of idiophones drawing from their cultures  discuss the types of idiophones listed  discuss the communication functions of the various idiophones. 3.0 MAIN CONTENT 3.1 Wooden Drums Drum is the oldest musical instrument. Bunhart (1995) described it is ...

1.0 INTRODUCTION This unit focuses on instrumental communication. Just as instruments are used for communication modern societies, they have been in use in Africa since the primordial time. So, a study of African communication systems, should take a look at instrumental communication devices. 2.0 OBJECTIVES At the end of this unit of study, students should be able to: outline the various groups of instrumental communication devices  list the types of instrumental communication devices drawing examples from what obtains in their cultures and communities  discuss the communication functions of various instrumental communication devices listed.  3.0 MAIN CONTENT 3.1 What Is Instrumental Communication? Instrumental devices are part of items used for communication in traditional African society. Ibagere (1994) refers to it as the hardware of music. Every group of people in Africa has instrumental devices that are peculiar to their setting and perform different communication f...

1.0 INTRODUCTION This unit focuses on membraneophone, a group of instrumental communication devices. 2.0 OBJECTIVES At the end of this unit of study, students should be able to: list the types of membraneophones drawing from their culturesdiscuss some types of membraneophones discuss the communication functions of the various membraneophones devices commonly used in African communication.  3.0 MAIN CONTENT 3.1 What are Membranophones? According to Wilson (1987), membranophones are media on which sound is produced through the vibration of membranes. They include all varieties of skin or leather drum. These drums are beaten or struck with well carved sticks. Such drums include the ‘Iya lu’ in the dundun set or drums among the Yoruba, the “Ikoro” by the Igbo and the drum of the Ikine Society among the Kalabari (Akinfeleye, 1986). It is also called ‘Ajo’ among the Tiv people of Nigeria. (Mede,1998). Again, Ibagere (1994:91) stated that membraneophone: …relates to any instrument on whi...